The part of the brain responsible for coordination and balance is ________. (a) cerebrum (b) cerebellum (c) medulla oblongata (d) cerebral cortex.

The correct answer is (b) cerebellum. The cerebellum is located beneath the cerebrum and is responsible for coordinating muscle movements, maintaining posture and balance, and regulating motor learning. It receives information about the body's position and movement from the inner ear, the eyes, and the sensory nerves, and then sends signals to the muscles to adjust and maintain balance and coordination. The cerebrum and cerebral cortex are responsible for higher-order functions such as thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving, while the medulla oblongata is responsible for controlling vital functions such as breathing and heart rate.