In what way do the concepts of causality and correlation relate to each other? a. causality is needed for correlation b. causality is one of the conditions for correlation c. correlation is one of the conditions for causality d. correlation alone is enoug

The correct answer is b. Causality is one of the conditions for correlation. This means that for there to be a correlation between two variables, there must be some causal relationship between them. However, correlation alone is not enough to determine causality, as there could be other confounding factors or variables that influence the relationship between the two. Therefore, while causality is a necessary condition for correlation, correlation alone is not enough evidence for causality.